Introduction to Information Technology

Course Title: Introduction to Information Technology

Course Code: BIT101                                          Full Marks: 60 (Theory) + 20 (Practical) + 20 (Internal)
Semester: I                                                            Pass Marks: 24 (Theory) + 8 (Practical) + 8 (Internal)
Nature of Course: Theory + Laboratory
Credit Hours: 3

Course Description:
This course introduces the fundamental concepts of computers and information technology. It covers computer hardware and software, memory, input and output devices, data representation, databases, computer networks, the internet, computer security, and various applications of information technology in daily life and organizations.

Course Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to provide students with basic knowledge of computer systems and information technology. By the end of the course, students will understand how computers work and how IT is applied in different fields.

Course Contents

Unit 1: Introduction to Computer (4 Hours):
This unit introduces the concept of computers, their characteristics, and historical development. It includes the generations of computers, digital and analog computers, classification of computers based on size, computer systems, and applications of computers in different areas.

Unit 2: Computer Hardware (8 Hours)
This unit explains the physical components of a computer system. Topics include the central processing unit (CPU), its components, instruction format, instruction set, instruction cycle, and microprocessor. It also covers computer buses and internal components such as power supply, motherboard, memory chips, expansion slots, ports, processor, cables, and storage devices.

The unit also discusses computer memory, including memory representation, memory hierarchy, CPU registers, cache memory, primary memory (RAM and ROM), and secondary storage devices such as magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk, flash memory, and magneto-optical disks. Access methods like sequential and direct access are also explained.

Input and output devices are covered, including human data entry devices, source data entry devices, output devices, I/O ports, and the I/O system.

Unit 3: Computer Software (6 Hours)
This unit focuses on computer software and its types. It includes system software, application software, operating systems, and their objectives and functions. Topics include process management, memory management, file management, device management, protection and security, and user interfaces. Examples of operating systems are discussed along with device drivers, utility software, programming languages, language translators such as assemblers and compilers, software licensing, open-source software, and a comparative case study of Unix and Windows.

Unit 4: Data Representation (5 Hours)
This unit explains how data is represented in computers. It covers number systems and conversions between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems. Binary arithmetic is also included.

Unit 5: Computer Networks and Internet Services (10 Hours)
This unit introduces computer networking and its importance. It covers data transmission media such as twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, optical fiber, radio frequency transmission, microwave transmission, and satellite communication. Topics include data transmission, networking concepts, network types, network topology, communication protocols, network devices, and wireless networking.

The internet section includes the history of the internet, internet architecture, internetworking protocols, internet connections, internet addressing, the World Wide Web, domain name system, internet services, e-mail and its working principle, e-commerce, e-governance, Web 2.0, Internet of Things (IoT), wearable computing, cloud computing, smart cities, and a case study on internet service providers in Nepal and their services.

Unit 6: Database Systems (5 Hours)
This unit introduces databases and database management systems. Topics include database systems, DBMS, database architectures, data models, database applications, and an introduction to data warehousing, data mining, and big data.

Unit 7: Computer Security (4 Hours)
This unit focuses on computer security concepts. It includes security threats and attacks, malicious software, and security mechanisms such as cryptography, digital signatures, firewalls, user authentication, intrusion detection systems, security awareness, and security policies.

Unit 8: Applications and Impact of Information Technology (3 Hours)
This unit discusses various applications of information technology and its impact on organizations and individuals. It also covers the social impact of IT, IT strategic planning, and alignment between IT and business.

Laboratory Works

The laboratory work includes identifying computer hardware components and practicing the use of operating systems. Students will work with word processors, spreadsheets, presentation tools, database management systems, and internet services.

Text Book
Computer Fundamentals – Anita Goel, Pearson Education India

Reference Books
Introduction to Computers – Peter Norton, 7th Edition, McGraw Hill Education
Fundamentals of Information Technology – Leon and Leon
Computer Fundamentals – Pradeep K. Sinha and Priti Sinha
Introduction to Information Technology – E. Turban
Information Technology for Management – E. Turban, C. Pollard, G. Wood, Wiley
Information Technology for Management – Henry C. Lucas Jr.